So what now?

Finding a cure-all  solution is impossible. The issue of inequality manifests itself in every aspect of Aboriginal life with many different symptoms and effects. To better see all possible solutions  we should look at each problem individually and see what the government and its programs and systems can do, what NGOs can do, and what we, as Canadians do.

Poverty and Reserve Life

Government: The government has a lot of power to improve the poverty rates for Aboriginals and the living conditions on reserves.

• Provide clean water for all reserves: There are a total of 85 reserves under a boil-water advisory in Canada today. Unclean water leads to illness and child and infant mortality. Providing a life necessity should be a priority.
• Finance infrastructure: Ottawa has given more than 3 billion dollars to fund housing but the UN still says it is an embarrassment. The government should send in top quality companies to go in and use durable materials and fix up existing homes and build new homes. They should also hire locals as laborers to train so they will have a job skill. To add economy Aboriginals should have more access to natural resources on reserves so they can have more jobs. Since unemployment is so high on reserves the government should be providing job training and financing small businesses so the locals can have somewhere to work. 
• Finance and support NGOs who are already doing something about poverty.
• Build hospitals, doctor's offices, post offices, and social services building in reserves or nearby reserves. Many reserves are very isolated from other communities and do not have access to simple commodities. There should be help available to youth, women, children, and elderly people in all communities. 

NGOs: Non-governmental groups also have the power and willingness to make change in reserves.

• Raise funds and awareness to job training and housing initiatives.
• Put pressure on the government to follow through with its promises and to make Aboriginal rights a topic of discussion in parliament. Right now, one of the few Native NGOs, the Assembly of First Nations, is too shy to bring up the real issues and only talks about benefiting the band leaders, instead of the members.
• Keep doing what they are doing! There are so many organizations that are striving to make change in Native People's lives. To see a good list of National Aboriginal Organizations see this link: National Aboriginal Organizations

Canadians:  We have quite a bit of power these days but since we are told that Canada is the best place on earth we tend to not voice our opinions unless it affects us directly. There is a lot we can do though to combat poverty.

• Write letters to our MPs.
• Donate to local foundations that support Aboriginal infrastrutue.
•  Volunteer for a foundation that supports Aboriginal rights and helps the poverty issue.

Crime

Government:

• Reevaluate how Aboriginals are treated in the justice system. They should not be treated as failures or without the dignity that non-aboriginals are given.
• Make sure that Aboriginals are given the same opportunities as non-aboriginals when it comes to programs, parole, cultural food, and parole officers. 
• Put in place after-school programs and social services for at-risk youth to lessen the chances of crime.
• Use alternative justice courts for Aboriginals that focus on their beliefs and values, all while still giving them the benefits that Canada's court system holds.

NGOs: Unfortunately there are not very many NGOs that focus on Aboriginal offenders. 

• Run half-way houses. Some Indian bands, like in Osoyoos, run their own half-way houses for offenders from their community. 
• Run programs in prisons that focus on emotional well-being and help prepare them for a successful life after their release.
• Visit Aboriginal inmates. Lots of Aboriginals do not have family that can visit them and do not have a support system.
• Run job training programs and help offenders find healthy places to live when they are released.

Canadians:

• Demand change! Like I mentioned earlier, we should write letter to the government or our local penitentiaries and demand that Aboriginal rights are being met.
• Support organizations or people who help inmates.
• Volunteer at after-school programs for at-risk Aboriginal youth.

Racism

Government:

• Hire more people with Aboriginal ancestry as correctional officers, government workers, and other important and influential jobs. 
• Put policies in place that protect Aboriginals from bullying or racism and put harsher punishments on people with authority who are racist.
• Ban media that places stereotypes on Aboriginals and place them in better light. 

NGOs:

• For this one there isn't much NGOs can do except encourage the government to act and to encourage others to be accepting.

Canadians:

• Be kind to everyone! :)
• Do not use stereotypes. 

Education

Government:

• Give reserve schools the same funding as non-aboriginal schools.
• Offer more scholarships to youth on reserves and to Aboriginal youth off-reserve.
• Fix up all esixting schools in reserves. Lots of them are full of mice or the structure is not safe.
• Finance school programs, clubs, and leadership training.

NGOs:

• Run after-school programs.
• Encourage the government to treat Aboriginal schools with dignity and to support them.
• Raise funds for books and supplies for schools that cannot afford books.

What about our children's future? source: CBC

Canadians:

• Volunteer at after-school programs.
• Write letters to the government.
• Educate yourself about the issue. 

Domestic Violence and Social Issues

Government:

• Provide social services to Aboriginals, whether they are in reserves or not. (ex. pregnancy crisis centers)
• Help NGOs run different programs for the community. 

NGOs:

• Provide support and safe havens for victims of violence, megligence, abuse, and addictions. 
• Run parenting workshops.
• Run support groups for single parents, foster parents, and parents who are struggling raising their children.
• Run anger management classes.
• Provide support for victims of residential schools.

Canadians:

• Stand up against bullying and domestic violence.
• Support NGOs who help Aboriginal communities.

In conclusion, there are organizations that are helping Aboriginals, whether it be through building houses, supporting reserve schools, or visiting Aboriginal inmates. There is still so much that can be done though, especially from the government. They have tried to pay Aboriginals off but money has never solved anything. We need more long-lasting ideas that will help generations to come. 

Who is involved?

So who is involved with Aboriginal inequality? Who is suffering? Whose problem is it? And who should come up with the solutions?

Government:
The government plays a huge role in determining how Aboriginals are treated from a political and legal way. The government has the power to create, change, and take away polices that either help Aboriginals are hinder them in some way and they should take ownership of the issue and do something to fix it. In actuality the government does almost nothing to address the issue. They have tried to fix things through Agreements, like the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement in 2006, accords, like the Kelowna Accord in 2005, treaties, and large sums of money (Of the $9 billion targeted to Aboriginal people annually, only 2% is spent on economic development, the one thing that could ensure self-reliance and stable jobs and housing for the community), but the issue remains intact and it continues to grow.

Justice system:
The justice system has gravely mistreated Aboriginal inmates. There is extreme systemic discrimination and Aboriginals are subjected to discrimination and racism that hinders both their release and their stay as they do not have access to programs intended for rehabilitation and release. Also, the federal corrections system employs almost no Aboriginals when they make up a high percentage of the inmates. Furthermore, the meaning of justice is different for Aboriginals. They focus on the restoration of peace and the reconciliation of the wrongdoer and the wronged whereas the system focuses on punitive methods and on isolation the wrongdoer from society. Aboriginals are denied the benefit of justice circles that they have used for thousands of years and if they are granted the use of a circle as means of court they are not allowed to leave their reserve.

Canadians:
Obviously, the people who are most suffering are the Aboriginal people. They are forced to go through this bullying from the government, the justice and legal system, and other groups and people. Canadians play an important role whether they are Aboriginal or not. We hold more power than we think. Some of us are doing the bullying even if we think we aren't. We use stereotypes or precautions when talking to people with Aboriginal ancestry or we make assumptions on how they will act or think about something. Doing nothing is consent to so whether we like to admit it or not we make an impact.

NGOs:
Non-governmental groups also play a huge role in Aboriginal issues and helping the victims of all the different types of inequality and discrimination. The Indigenous Education Network and the coalition for Advancement of Aboriginal Studies aims to encourage the inclusion of Aboriginal history and cultures in the school curriculum while the Aboriginal Healing Foundation provides millions of dollars to fund community-based healing projects. Some other examples include the Belinda Stronach Foundation, Indspire, and the Frontiers Foundation. But unless these organizations are backed up with governmental policies, laws, and funds they will not be able to achieve all that could be achieved.